Sources: Qur'an 2:256 · Tafsir Ibn Kathir · Tarikh al-Tabari · Rihla of Ibn Battuta · R. Bulliet, Conversion to Islam in the Medieval Period (1979) · T. W. Arnold, The Preaching of Islam (1913) · Mawsu'at Safir li-l-Tarikh al-Islami · Majallat al-Buhuth al-Islamiyya · Encyclopaedia Britannica · Pew Research Center (2025). Researched with Qaf.
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